Automated Vehicles
The Law Commission published a joint report with the Scottish Law Commission, outlining recommendations for legal reform around automated vehicles and how they could safely and responsibly be introduced on GB roads and public places. The Automated Vehicles Bill was laid before Parliament and the Scottish Parliament, and on May 2024 the Automated Vehicles (AV) Act received royal assent.
The project (Back to top)
Our work began in 2018 when the Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CCAV) asked the Law Commission of England and Wales and the Scottish Law Commission to undertake a far-reaching review to enable the safe and responsible introduction of automated vehicles on GB roads and public places.
By automated vehicles we refer to vehicles that are capable of driving themselves without being controlled or monitored by an individual for at least part of a journey.
The project has involved three rounds of consultation. Between November 2018 and December 2020, we published three consultation papers and received a total of 404 written responses. We have also held more than 350 meetings with interested parties. We are extremely grateful to all those who contributed to this project, giving us so much of their time and expertise to help us formulate our recommendations.
On 26 January 2022 we published a joint report with the Scottish Law Commission with recommendations for legal reform.
Key recommendations (Back to top)
Throughout this project, we have strived to keep safety at the forefront of our proposals, while also retaining the flexibility required to accommodate future development.
Our recommendations cover initial approval and authorisation of self-driving vehicles, ongoing monitoring of their performance while they are on the road, misleading marketing, and both criminal and civil liability. They include:
- Writing the test for self-driving into law, with a bright line distinguishing it from driver support features, a transparent process for setting a safety standard, and new offences to prevent misleading marketing.
- A two-stage approval and authorisation process building on current international and domestic technical vehicle approval schemes and adding a new second stage to authorise vehicles for use as self-driving on GB roads.
- A new in-use safety assurance scheme to provide regulatory oversight of automated vehicles throughout their lifetimes to ensure they continue to be safe and comply with road rules.
- New legal roles for users, manufacturers and service operators, with removal of criminal responsibility for the person in the passenger seat.
- Holding manufacturers and service operators criminally responsible for misrepresentation or non-disclosure of safety-relevant information.
From consultation to report (Back to top)
In November 2018 we launched our first three-month consultation on safety assurance and legal liability. We published an analysis of responses and interim findings in June 2019.
In October 2020, our second consultation focused on highly automated road passenger services (HARPS), looking at how automated vehicles could be used to improve public transport. We published an analysis of responses and interim findings in May 2020.
Our third consultation was launched in December 2020 and drew on responses to both previous papers to formulate overarching proposals on the way forward. The closing date for responses was 18 March 2021. After analysing responses, we published all the responses received alongside a summary of responses and a draft Impact Assessment in July 2021. The full analysis of responses was published alongside our report, on 26 January 2022.
All our previous consultation papers, analysis documents and the full text of all responses received can be found at the bottom of this page, under the heading “Consultations and related documents”.
The automated vehicles joint report has been laid before Parliament and the Scottish Parliament, and on May 2024 the Automated Vehicles (AV) Act received royal assent.
Documents (Back to top)
Preliminary consultation documents
Automated Vehicles: A joint preliminary consultation paper
Summary of the preliminary consultation paper
Welsh language summary of the preliminary consultation paper
Analysis of the responses to the preliminary consultation paper
Summary of the analysis of the responses to the preliminary consultation paper
Welsh language summary of the analysis of the responses to the preliminary consultation paper
Responses to the preliminary consultation 2018-19
Secondary consultation documents
Automated vehicles: passenger services and public transport. A second joint consultation paper.
Responses to Automated Vehicles consultation paper
Analysis of the responses to consultation paper 2
Summary of the analysis of the responses to consultation paper 2
Welsh language summary of the analysis of the responses to consultation paper 2
Third consultation documents
Automated Vehicles: Consultation Paper 3
Summary of Automated Vehicles Consultation Paper 3
Overview of Automated Vehicles Consultation Paper 3
Welsh language overview of Automated Vehicles Consultation Paper 3
Summary of responses to Consultation Paper 3 and next steps
Draft impact assessment and questions about the impact of law reform options
Automated Vehicles strategic economic analysis
All responses to Consultation Paper 3
Report and related documents
Automated vehicles: joint report
Summary of automated vehicles: joint report
Analysis of responses to Consultation Paper 3
Contact (Back to top)
By email to automatedvehicles@lawcommission.gov.uk or by phone 020 3334 0200.